circular cross section advantages structures

Such technology could reduce the weight of the bus safety frame by about 20%. Therefore, in this work the fiberglass composite material from which the tubes are made by pultrusion process would replace the steel tube in the safety frame construction of the bus. Meanwhile in buses these material are not yet used in safety frame. These innovative materials are used not only for interior elements but also in constructional units for the production of light duty vehicles. Fiberglass or carbon fiber composite materials are widely used in a variety of applications: construction, ships, and trains. They are also much easier to recycle than steel. Fiberglass or carbon fiber are among the most promising materials that can reduce weight in all types of vehicles. The search for alternative energy-saving solutions is closely linked to the development and improvement of new vehicles, reducing their negative impact on the environment. The constant development of transport poses an increasing threat to the environment. Reikšminiai žodžiai: karbonizacija, betoninis apsauginis sluoksnis, patikimumas, kompozitinė armatūra.Įnergy consumption and the emission of harmful particles have increased significantly in recent decades. Pateiktas taikomojo skaičiavimo pavyzdys rodo tikimybinių metodų paprastumą ir būtinybę.

Aptariamas kompozitinės kaip skersinės armatūros naudojimas konstrukcijoms armuoti bei jos įtaka konstrukcijų patikimumui ir ilgaamžiškumui. Analizuojamas vandens ir cemento santykio betono mišinyje bei kitų veiksnių poveikis apsauginių betono dangų karbonizacijos greičiui. Tikimybiniais metodais analizuojamas gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų apsauginio betoninio sluoksnio patikimumas. Svarstoma galimybė taikyti tikimybe pagrįstus metodus bei tikimybinius patikimumo rodiklius gelžbetoninių gaminių ir konstrukcijų ilgaamžiškumui bei patikimumui vertinti.

Kompozitine armatūra armuotų konstrukcijų apsauginio betono sluoksnio patikimumo vertinimas Presented applied equations and the calculation example demonstrate a simplicity and necessities of probability-based methods. Analyzes of reliability of structures reinforcement with composite as spiral (transverse) usage and influence. Effect of water-cement ratio on the carbonation rate of protective concrete covers is discussed. Carbonation nature and depth of protective concrete covers of reinforcement bars and stirrups are analysed. An urgency to use probability-based methods and probabilistic reliability indices in long-term quality assessments and predictions of reinforced concrete products and structures is under consideration.

Circular cross section advantages structures